The wedding of

Prince Andrew Prince Andrew, Duke of York, (Andrew Albert Christian Edward; born 19 February 1960) is a member of the British royal family. He is the younger brother of King Charles III and the third child and second son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince ...

and Sarah Ferguson was held on 23 July 1986, at

Westminster Abbey Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the United ...

London London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...

Courtship and engagement

, the third child and second son of

Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 – 8 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states during ...

and

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark, later Philip Mountbatten; 10 June 1921 – 9 April 2021) was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. As such, he served as the consort of the British monarch from E ...

, and Sarah Ferguson, the daughter of

Major Major ( commandant in certain jurisdictions) is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world. When used unhyphenated and in conjunction with no other indicato ...

Ronald Ferguson and his first wife Susan Wright, first met when they were children, but had not been romantically involved until they met again at a party at Floors Castle in 1985. They began their relationship that very same year, after a party held at

Windsor Castle Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. It is strongly associated with the English and succeeding British royal family, and embodies almost a millennium of architectural history. The original c ...

in honour of the

Royal Ascot Ascot Racecourse ("ascot" pronounced , often pronounced ) is a dual-purpose British racecourse, located in Ascot, Berkshire, England, which is used for thoroughbred horse racing. It hosts 13 of Britain's 36 annual Flat Group 1 horse races a ...

races.

Diana, Princess of Wales Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of King Charles III (then Prince of Wales) and mother of Princes William and Harry. Her ac ...

, Andrew's sister-in-law, played a hand in matchmaking the couple, and the two women later formed a strong friendship. Andrew proposed to Sarah on 19 February 1986, his twenty-sixth birthday. Their engagement was announced on 17 March 1986. Andrew presented Sarah with a Garrard engagement ring made from sketches he had made. The ring has a

Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

ruby A ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum ( aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called ...

surrounded by ten drop-diamonds. The mounting was eighteen-carat white and yellow gold. Andrew's

bachelor party A bachelor party (in the United States and sometimes in Canada), also known as a stag weekend, stag do or stag party (in the United Kingdom, Commonwealth countries, and Ireland), or a buck's night (in Australia), is a party held/arranged by th ...

was held at

Aubrey House Aubrey House is a large 18th-century detached house with two acres of gardens in the Campden Hill area of Holland Park in west London, W8. It is a private residence. Known for a long time as Notting Hill House, by the 1860s it had been named ...

Holland Park Holland Park is an area of Kensington, on the western edge of Central London, that contains a street and public park of the same name. It has no official boundaries but is roughly bounded by Kensington High Street to the south, Holland Road to ...

. It was attended by

Prince Charles Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. He was the longest-serving heir apparent and Prince of Wales and, at age 73, became the oldest person to a ...

Billy Connolly Sir William Connolly (born 24 November 1942) is a Scottish actor, retired comedian, artist, writer, musician, and presenter. He is sometimes known, especially in his homeland, by the Scots nickname the Big Yin ("the Big One"). Known for his ...

David Frost Sir David Paradine Frost (7 April 1939 – 31 August 2013) was a British television host, journalist, comedian and writer. He rose to prominence during the satire boom in the United Kingdom when he was chosen to host the satirical programme ...

and

Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is a British singer, pianist and composer. Commonly nicknamed the "Rocket Man" after his 1972 hit single of the same name, John has led a commercially successful career a ...

Wedding ceremony

Four months after announcing their engagement, Andrew and Sarah married on 23 July 1986, at

. The

Lord Chamberlain The Lord Chamberlain of the Household is the most senior officer of the Royal Household of the United Kingdom, supervising the departments which support and provide advice to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom while also acting as the main c ...

's office was responsible for organising the ceremony and guest list, while the royal household was left in charge of the reception. Sarah made her way with her father

Ronald Ronald is a masculine given name derived from the Old Norse '' Rögnvaldr'', Hanks; Hardcastle; Hodges (2006) p. 234; Hanks; Hodges (2003) § Ronald. or possibly from Old English '' Regenweald''. In some cases ''Ronald'' is an Anglicised form o ...

from

Clarence House Clarence House is a royal residence on The Mall in the City of Westminster, London. It was built in 1825–1827, adjacent to St James's Palace, for the Duke of Clarence, the future king William IV. Over the years, it has undergone much exten ...

in the Glass Coach, arriving at the church at 11:30. The

Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Just ...

Robert Runcie Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, Baron Runcie, (2 October 1921 – 11 July 2000) was an English Anglican bishop. He was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1980 to 1991, having previously been Bishop of St Albans. He travelled the world widely ...

conducted at the 45-minute wedding ceremony. As the couple exchanged vows, Sarah mistakenly repeated Andrew's middle name, Christian; five years earlier, Diana, Princess of Wales, made a similar mistake by reversing the order of Prince Charles's names. Unlike the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana, Sarah chose to say the word "obey" in her vow "to love, cherish and to obey." In keeping with tradition, the wedding ring was crafted from

Welsh gold Welsh gold is gold that occurs naturally in two distinct areas of Wales and highly prized because of its origin and scarcity. One area it is found in is north Wales in a band stretching from Barmouth, past Dolgellau and up towards Snowdonia. ...

. The tradition of using Welsh gold within the wedding rings of the royal family dates back to 1923. Both Andrew's brothers participated in the wedding ceremony; Prince Edward was his

best man A groomsman or usher is one of the male attendants to the groom in a wedding ceremony and performs the first speech at the wedding. Usually, the groom selects close friends and relatives to serve as groomsmen, and it is considered an honor to be ...

, and Prince Charles read a lesson during the service. The

bridesmaid Bridesmaids are members of the bride's party in a Western traditional wedding ceremony. A bridesmaid is typically a young woman and often a close friend or relative. She attends to the bride on the day of a wedding or marriage ceremony. Tradi ...

s and page boys included

Princess Anne Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950), is a member of the British royal family. She is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and the only sister of ...

's children Peter and

Zara Phillips Zara Anne Elizabeth Tindall (''née'' Phillips; born 15 May 1981) is a British equestrian, an Olympian, and the daughter of Anne, Princess Royal, and Captain Mark Phillips. She is the niece of King Charles III and is 20th in the line of suc ...

, and Prince Charles's eldest son Prince William. Members of foreign royal families, as well as the U.S. First Lady

Nancy Reagan Nancy Davis Reagan (; born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016) was an American film actress and First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. She was the second wife of president Ronald Reagan. Reagan was born in Ne ...

were among the guests. The ceremony featured many ceremonial aspects, including use of the state carriages and roles for the

Household Cavalry The Household Cavalry (HCav) is made up of the two most senior regiments of the British Army, the Life Guards and the Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons). These regiments are divided between the Household Cavalry Regiment sta ...

. The Duke and Duchess of York left Westminster Abbey for

Buckingham Palace Buckingham Palace () is a London royal residence and the administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It ...

in an open-top 1902 State Landau. Around 100,000 people gathered to witness the Andrew and Sarah's first kiss as man and wife on the balcony of the palace. After a traditional wedding breakfast for 120 guests at Buckingham Palace, the married couple and some 300 guests moved to a party at

Claridge's Claridge's is a 5-star hotel at the corner of Brook Street and Davies Street in Mayfair, London. It has long-standing connections with royalty that have led to it sometimes being referred to as an "annexe to Buckingham Palace". Claridge's Hot ...

hotel. The 5½-foot-tall "marzipan and rum-soaked" wedding cake was supplied by the navy supply school HMS ''Raleigh''. They made two identical cakes in case one was damaged. 100 cakes were offered at a competition held by the palace, and subsequently they were all donated to hospices. 30,000 flowers were used to decorate the abbey, all of which were eventually also donated to hospices. Albert Mackenzie Watson was chosen by Prince Andrew to take the wedding portraits.

Clothing

Prince Andrew was dressed in a ceremonial attire of a

naval lieutenant LieutenantThe pronunciation of ''lieutenant'' is generally split between , , generally in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Commonwealth countries, and , , generally associated with the United States. See lieutenant. (abbreviated Lt, LT (U.S. ...

, while Sarah wore an ivory-silk wedding dress designed by

Lindka Cierach Lindka Rosalind Wanda Cierach is a British couturier and fashion designer. Notable clients include members of British and European Royal Families, Helen Mirren, Lady Victoria Hervey and Cherie Blair among others. Early life Cierach was born ...

, which had a 17-foot train, and 20-foot-long veil. Sarah, in her own words, "lost 26 pounds to fit into" the dress. Her S-shaped bouquet featured "gardenias, cream lilies, yellow roses, lilies of the valley and a sprig of myrtle." Sarah wore a floral crown for the occasion which was placed atop a diamond tiara that was given to her by the Queen.

Best man, bridesmaids and page boys

Best man * The Prince Edward, age 22, younger brother of the groom. Bridesmaids and page boys: *Lady Rosanagh Innes-Ker, age: 7 the daughter of

Guy Innes-Ker, 10th Duke of Roxburghe Guy David Innes-Ker, 10th Duke of Roxburghe (18 November 1954 – 29 August 2019), was a British aristocrat. Early life Guy David Innes Ker was born on 18 November 1954, the eldest son of the 9th Duke by his second wife (Margaret) Elisabeth McC ...

*Alice Ferguson, age: 6 younger half-sister of the bride. *Laura Fellowes, age: 6 the daughter of Diana's sister Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes *

age: 5 niece of the groom *Andrew Ferguson, age: 8 half-brother of the bride * Peter Phillips age: 8 nephew of the groom *Seamus Luedecke, age: 5 nephew of the bride * Prince William of Wales age: 4 nephew of the groom

Musical selection

Organist & Choir Director:

Simon Preston Simon John Preston (4 August 1938 – 13 May 2022) was an English organist, conductor, and composer.
...

* Laudate Dominum (from Vesperae solennes de confessore) by W. A. Mozart, sung by soprano Felicity Lott * Exsultate, Jubilate by W. A. Mozart, sung by Arleen Auger * Alleluja from motet Exsultate, Jubilate, sung by Arleen Auger * Crown Imperial by

William Walton Sir William Turner Walton (29 March 19028 March 1983) was an English composer. During a sixty-year career, he wrote music in several classical genres and styles, from film scores to opera. His best-known works include ''Façade'', the cantat ...

Titles upon marriage

On the day of the wedding, the Queen granted Prince Andrew the titles of

Duke of York Duke of York is a title of nobility in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, usually been given to the second son of English (later British) monarchs. The equivalent title in the Scottish peerage was ...

Earl of Inverness The title of Earl of Inverness (Scottish Gaelic: Iarla Inbhir Nis) was first created in 1718 in the Jacobite Peerage of Scotland, together with the titles Viscount of Innerpaphrie and Lord Cromlix and Erne, by James Francis Edward Stuart ("Ja ...

and Baron Killyleagh—the first two titles were previously held by his maternal great-grandfather

King George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936. Born during the reign of his grandmother Qu ...

, and grandfather

King George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of In ...

. By marriage, Sarah became ''

Her Royal Highness Royal Highness is a style used to address or refer to some members of royal families, usually princes or princesses. Monarchs and their consorts are usually styled ''Majesty''. When used as a direct form of address, spoken or written, it t ...

'' The

Duchess of York Duchess of York is the principal courtesy title held by the wife of the duke of York. Three of the eleven dukes of York either did not marry or had already assumed the throne prior to marriage, whilst two of the dukes married twice, therefore t ...

, Countess of Inverness and Baroness Killyleagh, also attaining the rank of

Princess of the United Kingdom The use of the title of Princess of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is entirely at the will of the sovereign as expressed in letters patent. Individuals holding the title of princess are styled "Her Royal Highness" (HRH ...

Honeymoon

The Duke and Duchess of York made their way to

Heathrow Airport Heathrow Airport (), called ''London Airport'' until 1966 and now known as London Heathrow , is a major international airport in London, England. It is the largest of the six international airports in the London airport system (the others be ...

in an open carriage, with a paper mache satellite dish and sign attached reading "Phone Home" put there as a practical joke by Prince Edward. The Princess of Wales and Viscount Linley,

Princess Margaret Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, (Margaret Rose; 21 August 1930 – 9 February 2002) was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and the younger sister and only sibling of Queen Elizabeth ...

's son, placed a king-sized teddy bear inside the coach. The couple boarded a royal jet, emblazoned with "Just Married" on the rear door, for the

Azores Islands ) , motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace") , anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores") , image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg , map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union , map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...

, and then spent their 5-day honeymoon aboard the royal yacht ''

Britannia Britannia () is the national personification of Britain as a helmeted female warrior holding a trident and shield. An image first used in classical antiquity, the Latin ''Britannia'' was the name variously applied to the British Isles, Grea ...

'' in the

Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

Public reception

The BBC reported that 500 million television viewers tuned in to watch the wedding of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, and Sarah Ferguson worldwide. An estimated crowd of 100,000 gathered to see the couple's first public kiss as man and wife on the balcony of Buckingham Palace. The wedding ceremony was positively received by the public. The media frenzy caused by the wedding was called "Fergie Fever" by ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

''. A number of ceremonies and parties were held at different places by the public to celebrate the occasion across the United Kingdom. The wedding was widely broadcast on television and radio in many countries, and news channels covered the ceremony in different languages.

Guest list

Notable guests in attendance included:

Relatives of the groom

House of Windsor The House of Windsor is the reigning royal house of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. In 1901, a line of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (itself a cadet branch of the House of Wettin) succeeded the House of Hanover to th ...

* The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh, ''the groom's parents'' **

The Prince ''The Prince'' ( it, Il Principe ; la, De Principatibus) is a 16th-century political treatise written by Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolò Machiavelli as an instruction guide for new princes and royals. The general theme of ''The ...

and

Princess of Wales Princess of Wales (Welsh: ''Tywysoges Cymru'') is a courtesy title used since the 14th century by the wife of the heir apparent to the English and later British throne. The current title-holder is Catherine (née Middleton). The title was fi ...

, ''the groom's brother and sister-in-law'' *** Prince William of Wales, ''the groom's nephew'' (pageboy) *** Prince Henry of Wales, ''the groom's nephew'' ** The Princess Anne, Mrs. Phillips and Captain Mark Phillips, ''the groom's sister and brother-in-law'' *** Peter Phillips, ''the groom's nephew'' (pageboy) ***

, ''the groom's niece'' (bridesmaid) ** The Prince Edward, ''the groom's brother'' *

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon (4 August 1900 – 30 March 2002) was Queen of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 to 6 February 1952 as the wife of King George VI. She was th ...

, ''the groom's maternal grandmother'' **

The Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, (Margaret Rose; 21 August 1930 – 9 February 2002) was the younger daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, and the younger sister and only sibling of Queen Elizabeth ...

, ''the groom's maternal aunt'' *** Viscount Linley, ''the groom's first cousin'' ***

Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones Lady Sarah Frances Elizabeth Chatto (née Armstrong-Jones; born 1 May 1964) is the only daughter of Princess Margaret and Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon. She and her brother, David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, are the onl ...

, ''the groom's first cousin'' *

Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, (born Lady Alice Christabel Montagu Douglas Scott; 25 December 1901 – 29 October 2004) was the wife of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the third son of King George V and Queen Mary. She was the moth ...

, ''the groom's maternal great-aunt by marriage'' ** The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed, and his wife'' ***

Earl of Ulster The title of Earl of Ulster has been created six times in the Peerage of Ireland and twice in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Since 1928, the title has been held by the Duke of Gloucester and is used as a courtesy title by the Duke's elde ...

, ''the groom's second cousin'' *** Lady Davina Windsor, ''the groom's second cousin'' ***

Lady Rose Windsor Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, (Richard Alexander Walter George; born 26 August 1944) is a member of the British royal family. He is the second son of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, as wel ...

, ''the groom's second cousin'' * The Duke and

Duchess of Kent Duchess of Kent is the principal courtesy title used by the wife of the Duke of Kent. There have been four titles referring to Kent since the 18th century. The current duchess is Katharine, the wife of Prince Edward. He inherited the dukedom ...

, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed, and his wife'' **

Earl of St Andrews Duke of Kent is a title that has been created several times in the peerages of Great Britain and the United Kingdom, most recently as a royal dukedom for the fourth son of King George V. Since 1942, the title has been held by Prince Edward ...

, ''the groom's second cousin'' ** Lady Helen Windsor, ''the groom's second cousin'' * Princess Alexandra, The Hon. Mrs Ogilvy and The Hon. Angus Ogilvy, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed, and her husband'' **

James Ogilvy James Robert Bruce Ogilvy (born 29 February 1964) is a British landscape designer, and the founder and editor of '' Luxury Briefing''. He is a relative of the British royal family as the elder child and only son of Sir Angus Ogilvy and Princes ...

, ''the groom's second cousin'' ** Marina Ogilvy, ''the groom's second cousin'' *

Prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. ...

and Princess Michael of Kent, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed, and his wife'' **

Lord Frederick Windsor Lord Frederick Michael George David Louis Windsor (born 6 April 1979) is a British financial analyst, and the only son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. He is married to British actress Sophie Winkleman. He is currently 52nd in the line ...

, ''the groom's second cousin'' ** Lady Gabriella Windsor, ''the groom's second cousin''

Other descendants of
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previ ...

* Lady Mary Whitley, ''the groom's second cousin, once removed'' * The Lady Saltoun, ''wife of the groom's third cousin, once removed''

Mountbatten family

* The Dowager Marchioness of Milford Haven, ''widow of the groom's first cousin, once removed'' ** The Marquess of Milford Haven, ''the groom's second cousin'' **

Lord Ivar Mountbatten Lord Ivar Alexander Michael Mountbatten, DL (born 9 March 1963) is a British aristocrat, farmer, geologist and businessman. He is a former director of SCL Group, the parent company of Cambridge Analytica. Although he is not a member of the B ...

, ''the groom's second cousin'' * The Countess Mountbatten of Burma and The Lord Brabourne, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed, and her husband'' **

Lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power (social and political), power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the Peerage ...

and Lady Romsey, ''the groom's second cousin and his wife'' ** The Hon. Michael-John Knatchbull, ''the groom's second cousin'', and his wife ** Baroness and Baron Hubert du Breuil, ''the groom's second cousin and her husband'' ** Lady Amanda Knatchbull, ''the groom's second cousin'' ** The Hon. Philip Knatchbull, ''the groom's second cousin'' ** The Hon. Timothy Knatchbull, ''the groom's second cousin'' * Lady Pamela and David Hicks, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed and her husband'' **

Ashley Hicks Ashley Louis David Hicks (born 18 July 1963) is a British interior designer, author, photographer and artist. He is the only son of Lady Pamela Hicks (née Mountbatten) and David Nightingale Hicks. Hicks has designed interiors in Europe, the Unit ...

, ''the groom's second cousin'' **

India Hicks India Amanda Caroline Hicks (born 5 September 1967) is a British designer, writer, businesswoman, and former fashion model. After graduating from the New England School of Photography, Hicks became an interior designer and a model for Ralph Laur ...

, ''the groom's second cousin''

Bowes-Lyon family

* The Earl and Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed and his wife'' * Lady Rose Anson, ''the groom's second cousin, twice removed'' (bridesmaid)

Relatives of the bride

Ferguson family

and Susan Ferguson, ''the bride's father and stepmother'' ** Andrew Ferguson, ''the bride's paternal half-brother'' ** Alice Ferguson, ''the bride's paternal half-sister'' *

Susan Susan is a feminine given name, from Persian "Susan" (lily flower), from Egyptian '' sšn'' and Coptic ''shoshen'' meaning "lotus flower", from Hebrew ''Shoshana'' meaning "lily" (in modern Hebrew this also means "rose" and a flower in general), ...

and Héctor Barrantes, ''the bride's mother and stepfather'' ** Mrs and Mr William Alez Makim, ''the bride's sister and her husband'' *** Seamus Makim, ''the bride's nephew'' * Lady Elmhirst, ''the bride's paternal grandmother''

Wright family

* The Hon. Mrs FitzHerbert Wright, ''the bride's maternal grandmother'' ** Mrs and Mr Julian Salmond, ''the bride's maternal aunt and uncle'' ** The Lady and Lord Loch, ''the bride's maternal aunt and uncle'' ** Major Bryan Wright, ''the bride's maternal uncle''

Foreign royalty

Members of reigning royal families

* The Crown Princess of Norway, ''wife of the groom's second cousin, once removed'' (representing the King of Norway) * Princess Margaretha, Mrs Ambler and Mr John Ambler, ''the groom's third cousin once removed, and her husband'' (representing the King of Sweden) * Prince George Valdemar of Denmark, ''the groom's second cousin, once removed'' (representing the Queen of Denmark) * Infanta Elena of Spain, ''the grooms's second cousin, once removed'' (representing the King of Spain) * Infanta Cristina of Spain, ''the grooms's second cousin, once removed'' *

Prince Philippe of Belgium french: Philippe Léopold Louis Mariegerman: Philipp Leopold Ludwig Maria , house = Belgium , father = Albert II of Belgium , mother = Paola Ruffo di Calabria , birth_date = , birth_place = Belvédère Castle, Laeken, ...

, ''the groom's third cousin, once removed'' (representing the King of the Belgians) * The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, ''the groom's third cousin, once removed'' (representing the Grand Duke of Luxembourg) * The Prince Hiro (representing the Emperor of Japan) * The Hereditary Prince of Monaco (representing the Prince of Monaco)

Members of non-reigning royal families

* King Constantine II and Queen Anne-Marie of the Hellenes, ''the groom's second cousin and his wife, the groom's third cousin once removed'' ** Crown Prince Pavlos of Greece, ''the groom's second cousin, once removed'' **

Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Νικόλαος; born 1 October 1969) is the third child of Constantine II and Anne-Marie of Denmark, who were the last King and Queen of Greece, reigning from 1964 to 1973. Early life Nikolaos w ...

, ''the groom's second cousin, once removed'' ** Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark, ''the groom's second cousin, once removed'' * Crown Prince Alexander and Crown Princess Katherine of Yugoslavia, ''the groom's second cousin, once removed, and his wife'' * The Margrave and Margravine of Baden, ''the groom's first cousin and his wife'' ** Princess Marie Louise of Baden, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed'' * Princess Margarita of Baden, ''the groom's first cousin'' ** Prince Nikola of Yugoslavia, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed'' ** Princess Katarina of Yugoslavia, ''the groom's first cousin once removed'' *

and Princess George William of Hanover, ''the groom's paternal uncle and aunt'' ** Prince and Princess Georg of Hanover, ''the groom's first cousin and his wife'' ** Prince and Princess Karl of Hesse, ''the groom's first cousin and his wife'' *** Prince Christoph of Hesse, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed'' *** Princess Irina of Hesse, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed'' * The Princess of Hesse and by Rhine, ''widow of the groom's first cousin, twice removed'' * The Prince and Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, ''the groom's first cousin and his wife'' ** Princess Cécile of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, ''the groom's first cousin, once removed'' * Prince and Princess Andreas of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, ''the groom's first cousin and his wife'' * Princess Beatrix of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, ''the groom's first cousin''

Religious figures

* The Most Rev. Robert Runcie,

, and

Rosalind Runcie Angela Rosalind Runcie, Baroness Runcie (née Turner; 23 January 1932 12 January 2012) was a classical pianist and the wife of Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury. Family and early life Runcie's father was J. W. Cecil Turner, a Worcestershi ...

* The Very Rev. Michael Mayne,

Dean of Westminster The Dean of Westminster is the head of the chapter at Westminster Abbey. Due to the Abbey's status as a Royal Peculiar, the dean answers directly to the British monarch (not to the Bishop of London as ordinary, nor to the Archbishop of Canterbu ...

* The Right Rev. Edward Knapp-Fisher,

Archdeacon of Westminster The Archdeacon of Westminster is a senior ecclesiastical officer within the Chapter of the Royal Peculiar of Westminster Abbey in London. The holder of the post oversees relationships with the twenty-four parishes of which the Dean and Chapter ar ...

Politicians and diplomats

First Lady of the United States The first lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the title held by the hostess of the White House, usually the wife of the president of the United States, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never ...

Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern p ...

Other notable guests

* Arleen Auger *

Michael Caine Sir Michael Caine (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite; 14 March 1933) is an English actor. Known for his distinctive Cockney accent, he has appeared in more than 160 films in a career spanning seven decades, and is considered a British film ico ...

and Renate Blauel * Estée Lauder * Felicity Lott *

Simon Preston Simon John Preston (4 August 1938 – 13 May 2022) was an English organist, conductor, and composer.
...

* The Duke and Duchess of Roxburghe ** Lady Rosanagh Innes-Ker * Lady Jane and Robert Fellowes ** Laura Fellowes * The Duke and Duchess of Grafton * The Dowager Duchess of Abercorn * Sir William Heseltine

Aftermath

It was reported that Andrew's obligations as a naval helicopter pilot meant that they only saw each other 40 days a year. Sarah received criticism from the media about her weight, contributing to her stress and the couple's estrangement. Andrew and Sarah announced their separation on 19 March 1992, and divorced on 30 May 1996. After the couple's divorce, Sarah lost the style ''

'', becoming "Sarah, Duchess of York", and she was no longer a British princess.

References

External links

Wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson
at the

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Order of Service for the wedding
{{British Royal Weddings 1986 in British television 1986 in London Andrew and Sarah Ferguson Andrew and Sarah Ferguson July 1986 events in the United Kingdom Andrew and Sarah Ferguson 1980s in the City of Westminster Prince Andrew, Duke of York

Courtship and engagement

Wedding ceremony

Clothing

Best man, bridesmaids and page boys

Musical selection

Titles upon marriage

Honeymoon

Public reception

Guest list

Relatives of the groom

House of Windsor The House of Windsor is the reigning royal house of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. In 1901, a line of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (itself a cadet branch of the House of Wettin) succeeded the House of Hanover to th ...

Other descendants of Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previ ...

Mountbatten family

Bowes-Lyon family

Relatives of the bride

Ferguson family

Wright family

Foreign royalty

Members of reigning royal families

Members of non-reigning royal families

Religious figures

Politicians and diplomats

Other notable guests

Aftermath

References

External links

Other descendants of
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previ ...